Joint infection, medically known as septic arthritis, occurs when bacteria, viruses, or fungi invade a joint, leading to inflammation, pain, and swelling. This condition can affect any joint in the body but is most commonly seen in larger joints, such as the knee, hip, and shoulder. Joint infections can arise from various sources, including direct infection from an open wound, the spread of bacteria from other areas of the body through the bloodstream, or post-surgical complications. Individuals with weakened immune systems, existing joint conditions, or those who have undergone recent joint surgery are at an increased risk for developing a joint infection.

Symptoms of a joint infection typically include severe pain in the affected joint, swelling, warmth, and redness over the joint area. Patients may also experience fever, chills, and difficulty moving the joint. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term damage to the joint and surrounding tissues. Orthopedic surgeons often perform joint aspiration, a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the joint to extract fluid for analysis, to confirm the presence of infection and identify the causative organism. Imaging studies, such as X-rays or MRIs, may also be utilized to assess joint damage and guide treatment decisions.

Treatment for joint infections generally involves a combination of antibiotics to eliminate the infection and supportive measures to relieve pain and restore joint function. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain infected fluid or debris from the joint, particularly if aspiration alone is insufficient. Rehabilitation and physical therapy are often recommended post-treatment to aid recovery and restore strength and mobility. Timely intervention and appropriate management are essential to achieving favorable outcomes and preventing potential complications, such as chronic pain or joint deformity.